The brain and central nervous system (CNS) are susceptible targets for attack by ROS and RNS, due to several factors: high concentrations of mitochondria, low levels of antioxidants, presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (targets for oxidation) in the basal tissue, high rates of oxygen consumption, presence of iron-dependent metabolic pathways, and the generation of nitric oxide [1,2,3]
To avoid collateral effects, more specific modulators of amino acids metabolism can be developed, through the use of monoclonal antibodies, mimetic peptides that activate receptors, proteolysis-targeting chimera degraders, and/or antisense nucleotides targeting genes (receptors, transporters, or enzymes) [252,253,254,255]
The cells of people with male pattern baldness have been shown to be more susceptible to oxidative stress than average, according to Upton et al
Similarly, vitamin C influences melanin production by inhibiting tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin formation, thereby reducing its levels