These cells contribute to the permeability and integrity of the BBB through their intimate anatomical relationship (Liebner et al., Every constituent cell of the NVU contributes to the BBBs integrity, and any dysfunction might result in the barrier breakdown, with dramatic consequences such as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration (Kempuraj et al., Inflammatory mediators are critical for BBB disruption
J Tgeor Biol 142:201221 Jones DP, Liang Y (2009) Measuring the poise of thiol/disulfide couples in vivo
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Sanders also recommends two go-tos: "Microneedling and/or radiofrequency treatments will also tighten lax skin, and the use of fillers to provide necessary soft tissue support is also helpful." On the derm front, Dallas dermatologist Elizabeth Houshmand, MD is seeing it, too, and calls out this interesting study, published by Dermatology Times , which holds promising results for these specific patients: "A novel skin-care treatment has been developed for patients with reduced facial skin quality due to the use of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and SGLT-2 inhibitors
