When cultured human L-cells were deprived overnight of glucose and serum and then exposed to high glucose, 10% FBS, and -carrageenan (1 g/ml) for 10 minutes, 1 h, and 24 h, mRNA expression of proglucagon and secretion of GLP-1 were significantly reduced, compared to control cells not exposed to carrageenan
Irisin treatment can alleviate renal injury, reduce the inflammatory response, increase mitochondrial function, and mitigate oxidative stress after IR injury, and its effects are accompanied by the upregulation of GPX4 expression and inhibition of ferroptosis (Fig
For preclinical research this matters, because it allows the release of growth hormone to be studied without parallel rises in stress hormones confounding the interpretation
The burgeoning use of GLP-1 receptor agonists for weight loss in non-diabetic patients raises ethical and accessibility issues