In pulmonary fibrosis studies using bleomycin to induce lung injury in mice, GHK-Cu doses of 0.0026 to 0.26 mg/mL/day administered every other day reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, decreased interstitial thickness (the scarring that stiffens lung tissue), and lowered TNF-alpha and IL-6 expression
Metformin Evidence: Long-term studies (including the TAME trial) show improved cardiovascular health, reduced inflammation, and lower all-cause mortality in diabetics
Mechanism of Action Cellular Redox Balance : Functions as the primary regulator of the reduced-to-oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH:GSSG) within cells, directly controlling the cellular environment that determines oxidative stress levels and metabolic efficiency
Levels of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidants are inhibited and the levels of oxidants increase in the heart, testes, liver, kidney, lung and gut tissues of laboratory animals given Amethopterin [4,6,10-16]