J Mol Endocrinol 25 , 141148 (2000)
2.3 Ferroptosis defense mechanisms 2.3.1 System X c /GSH/GPX4 axis The System X c /GSH/GPX4 axis, DHODHubiquinol (CoQH 2 ) system, FSP1CoQ10 axis, GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH1)tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) axis, and sex hormones can inhibit ferroptosis, and the inhibition of related molecular pathways is an important strategy to induce ferroptosis in tumor cells (45)
This association with head and neck cancers may be attributed to free radical damage, interference with DNA repair mechanisms, and the presence of carcinogenic compounds like N-nitrosodiethylamine found in beer [171]
Glutathione when used as a supplement for skin whitening has been shown to be safe and effective in numerous clinical studies, and according to a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial by National Institute of Health [1], Glutathione treatment has been proven to significantly lower the skin melanin index of study participants after a few weeks of use