USA), and Tukey post hoc multiple comparisons were performed thereafter
Under homeostatic conditions, the ECs maintain the integrity of blood vessels, modulate blood flow, deliver nutrients to the underlying tissues, regulate fibrinolysis and coagulation, control platelet adherence and patrol the trafficking of leukocytes (Figure 2A) (Figure 2B) ( Figure 2 According to the epidemiological studies, diabetes mellitus is considered as one of the main risk factors for CVD (Figure 1) ( Diseases such as T2DM that induce high levels of vascular injury are accompanied by an elevated number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) (Figure 2C) ( Macroangiopathies, by inducing atherosclerosis in the coronary, carotid, and peripheral arteries, increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and peripheral artery disease (PAD)
Of those with vitamin B deficiency, 70-80% are diagnosed with anemia
By contrast, no such benefits were reported in the placebo group