By eliminating oxidatively damaged DNA, autophagy maintains the metabolic balance and protects the genomic integrity of hematopoietic stem cells, preventing their malignant transformation under normal conditions (35,36)
However, when exposed to a clinically relevant dose of ADR, the GSH content of cell lines that were 'sensitive' decreased, whereas that of cell lines that were 'resistant' increased
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In addition, it has been reported that Spirulina prevents lipid peroxidation, prevents liver enzymes from leaking into the bloodstream, and increases antioxidant capacity against oxidative stress ( In another cancer study examining the use of Spirulina, it was shown that Spirulina improved breast cancer biomarkers by inhibiting p-Akt/mTOR pathways and increased apoptotic biomarkers in cancer cells ( 3.2 The role of Spirulina in diabetes treatment Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels and associated with severe complications, including cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney failure ( Recent studies suggest that Spirulina may offer benefits for diabetes management
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