Mechanism literature Multiple peer-reviewed papers describe VEGFR2 activation, eNOS/NO signaling, and tendon-cell behavior in cultured cells and rodent models (Chang et al., Journal of Applied Physiology, 2011
According to the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements, functional B12 deficiency is most commonly seen in patients with one or more of the following: Age over 50 stomach acid production declines with age, and stomach acid is required to free B12 from food PPI or H2 blocker use reflux medications suppress the acid needed for B12 absorption Metformin use, which interferes with B12 absorption directly Vegan or vegetarian diets B12 is found almost exclusively in animal products Gut conditions including celiac, IBS, SIBO, and Crohns MTHFR mutations that affect how B12 is metabolized once absorbed Heavy alcohol use The symptoms of low B12 are easy to dismiss: fatigue, brain fog, low mood, tingling in the hands or feet, weakness, and shortness of breath on mild exertion
thus, it may potentially cause tissue proliferation similar to growth hormone
Cellular Effects in Experimental Models In experimental models, the combined signaling behavior of BPC-157 & TB-500 Blend has been studied in systems examining vascular signaling, fibroblast activity, endothelial cell migration, and extracellular matrix organization
