DN is pathologically characterized by mesangial matrix thickening, progressive destruction of glomerular and tubulointerstitial, and loss of functioning glomeruli, ultimately leading to chronic renal failure [138, 139]
3DF and Supplementary Fig
A total of 15 adult male German Shepherd working dogs (age 23 years, weight range 2426.5 kg) were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n = 5) over a 7-week experimental period, with evaluations at weeks 0, 3, and 7
Typical monitoring schedule includes: Baseline assessments: HbA1c, fasting glucose, renal function, liver function, lipid profile, blood pressure, weight, and BMI 3-month review: Assessment of tolerability, weight change, HbA1c (for diabetes), blood pressure, and any adverse effects 6-month review: Comprehensive reassessment including blood tests, weight trajectory, treatment goals achievement, and decision regarding continuation Ongoing reviews: Every 36 months once stable, with annual comprehensive assessments NICE guidance recommends that GLP-1 therapy for diabetes should be continued only if beneficial responses are demonstratedtypically defined as HbA1c reduction of at least 11 mmol/mol (1.0%) and weight loss of at least 3% of initial body weight at 6 months
