Serum B12 reference ranges vary between laboratories, but generally, levels below 148 pmol/L are considered deficient, whilst levels between 148258 pmol/L are regarded as borderline and may warrant further investigation or a trial of treatment, particularly if symptoms are present
Whilst some people may require a single B12 injection to improve their symptoms of tiredness and brain fog, maintaining adequate levels thereafter through a diet rich in nutrients, others may find that they need regular injections to keep their levels within the optimum range
Young adults may also experience absorption challenges due to MTHFR genetic mutations, food intolerances, digestive disorders, antacid use, excessive alcohol consumption, and smoking
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