The lower polar phase used for polar metabolite analysis was lyophilized, dissolved in 150 L of 1:1 DDW:MetOH (v/v), centrifuged at 20,000 g for 5 min, transferred to a new tube, and centrifuged again
Theo nghin cu, whey protein v khi ng t nhit 60 80 C, v c xu hng kh ha tan
TLR2 pep-Cys was chemically synthesized on solid phase
Both experimental and clinical studies have reported iron accumulation, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione peroxidase 4 ( GPX4 ) expression in DKD kidney tissue, supporting ferroptosis as a potential mechanistic link between tubular injury, oxidative stress, and renal fibrosis (Wu and Chen, 2022)