Among anaerobic fermentation products, acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the predominant SCFAs, with a molar ratio of approximately 60:20:20 ( Butyrate, serving as the primary energy source for colonocytes, possesses multiple functions including maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, modulating immune responses, and suppressing inflammation ( Protein metabolism: in modern diets, the quantity of protein entering the colon is approximately equivalent to that of carbohydrates ( Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is metabolized by gut bacteria to produce indole and indole derivatives that serve as aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligands, participating in the regulation of intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis ( Fat metabolism: dietary fat primarily comprises triglycerides, with minor amounts of phospholipids, sphingolipids, and cholesterol
Given that zinc deficiency is more prevalent in the elderly, ensuring adequate zinc intake may be particularly important for maintaining neutrophil function and reducing susceptibility to infections in older adults
It does not describe human use, animal use, medical outcomes, treatment effects, prevention effects, cosmetic effects, skin-related effects, anti-aging effects, recovery effects, or personal-use applications
Jagetia GC, Reddy TK, Venkatesha VA, Kedlaya R (2004) Influence of naringin on ferric iron induced oxidative damage in vitro
