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Sun W, Ding C, Wang Y, Li G, Su Z, Wang X (2025) Vitamin D deficiency in Hashimotos thyroiditis: mechanisms, immune modulation, and therapeutic implications
Without adequate levels of ALA, these enzymatic reactions stall, leading to a severe bottleneck in cellular energy production and an accumulation of metabolic byproducts like lactic acid
thus, cells shift from a neuroprotective to a neurodegenerative role towards motor neurons, and thus are potential therapeutic targets [78]
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The mitochondria act as mediators and initiators of inflammatory processes, and play essential roles in innate immunity and inflammatory responses [89]
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