Blood glucose levels were measured using Accu-Chek Aviva glucose monitors (Roche, Indianapolis IN)
Different types of cells have different requirements for ATP, podocytes, endothelial cells and mesangial cells mainly use glucose for their energy supply, while renal tubular cells mainly use free fatty acids, glutamine, pyruvate, citrate and lactate as substrates for fuel supply through aerobic respiration (Scholz et al., 2021)
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A well-rounded diet that includes sources of L-carnitine supplements, such as meat, fish, and dairy products, can also be helpful for recovery after exercise