Other risk groups include older adults, pregnant women, people taking metformin or long-term acid-suppressing medications (PPIs, H2 blockers), those with conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract (pernicious anaemia, Crohn's disease, coeliac disease), and individuals who have undergone gastric or ileal surgery
Eur J Med Res 29(1):322 Keijer J et al (2024) Omics biomarkers and an approach for their practical implementation to delineate health status for personalized nutrition strategies
document on the internet]
Comorbidities (hypertension, stroke, acute myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, and liver disease) were defined using ICD-10 codes, prescription data, and national health screening examination data