5 Hypoxic stress at high altitude can trigger a series of physiological responses across multiple organ systems, especially the brain (increased cerebral blood flow), pulmonary system (increased ventilation and pulmonary vascular remodeling), cardiovascular system (increased heart rate, cardiac output, and systemic blood pressure), renal system (increased bicarbonate excretion and erythropoietin (EPO) secretion), and hematologic system (increased red cell mass, hemoglobin (Hb) concentration, and hematocrit (Hct)), thereby increasing oxygen content and delivery in the body
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Oral tranexamic acid use for melasma constitutes off-label use and should only be undertaken under direct medical supervision
ALS ALS is characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord, brainstem, and brain, progressively weakening voluntary skeletal muscles and ultimately leading to paralysis [240]