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Deficiency is particularly common in elderly people, because the ability to absorb vitamin B12 can decrease with age ( Other people at risk of deficiency include those who have had intestinal surgery, including weight loss surgery
It is most often chosen by post-surgical patients (rotator cuff, ACL, meniscus, fracture or soft tissue surgery), serious athletes managing accumulated wear-and-tear, fighters and combat athletes between camps, runners with chronic Achilles, plantar fascia or knee issues, patients with significant gut inflammation alongside musculoskeletal issues, and high-performers who want comprehensive systemic recovery support
Both forms are biologically active, and bind to either of the two receptors, TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1, p55) and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2, p75)