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Signs of vitamin B12 deficiency include: Chronic fatigue Shortness of breath Vision problems Numbness and tingling Poor balance Brain fog Memory problems Muscle weakness Anemia These serious health problems can interfere with your quality of life

Some problems of the gut can also be a cause of vitamin B12 deficiency, but this is less uncommon, for example: surgery to remove parts of the bowel (the stomach or the end of the small intestine) Crohn's disease atrophic gastritis (where the lining of the stomach is thinned)

When TER data are corrected for differences in surface area, the permeability of the small intestine and colon are similar [38]

But the evidence for meaningful systemic benefit from oral supplementation is limited outside specific populations (acetaminophen overdose, chronic liver disease, chemotherapy support)