It is a sequence of 15 amino acids that acts as a biological repair signal, telling injured tissue to do what healthy tissue already knows how to do: build blood vessels, lay down collagen, close wounds, and reduce inflammation
Part of what makes astaxanthin unique is its ability to cross both the blood-retina and blood-brain barriers, allowing it to reach tissues involved in vision and cognition that many antioxidants cannot readily access.2 Researchers have increasingly explored how astaxanthin works alongside lutein and zeaxanthin, which accumulate in different tissues and have been studied for many of the same outcomes
According to the literature, this single 15-amino-acid peptide heals tendons, repairs muscles, protects the gut, fixes the liver, recovers spinal cord injuries, treats retinal ischemia, counteracts drug toxicity, and regulates neurotransmitters
or D or L norleucine, , lysine, arginine, norvaline, ornithine, or S-benzyl cysteine II = a D or L cysteine, phenyalanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, tyrosine, glycine, homocysteine, homoserine or homophenylalanine amino acid residue