glp 1 receptor agonists and dpp 4 inhibitors Mechanism of action for GIP, GLP-1 analogues DPP4 in GLP-1/GLP-1R: The Star Target for

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Pharmacokinetic studies in rodents have documented rapid absorption following subcutaneous injection (Tmax approximately 30 minutes), with distribution to multiple tissues including liver, kidney, skin, and lung

Electron leakage from the mitochondrial electron transport remains essential (through the action of ribonucleotide reductase) in generating deoxyribonucleiotides from nucleotides as well producing ROS in collusion with oncogenes [83] and molecular oxygen [84] promoting genetic damage in normal cells and therapy resistance in cancerous cells [85].Malignant cells also use reduced glutathione [81] or NADPH to combat oxidative stress and to support the oxidation of fatty acids in detached cells [86]

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