Introduction The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by an endothelial cell (EC) monolayer between the blood and central nervous system (CNS) that contributes to maintaining structural and functional homeostasis in the brain
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Goals of Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes To promote and support healthful eating patterns, emphasizing a variety of nutrient-dense foods in appropriate portion sizes, in order to improve overall health and specifically to: Attain individualized glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid goals Achieve and maintain body weight goals Delay or prevent complications of diabetes To address individual nutrition needs based on personal and cultural preferences, health literacy and numeracy, access to healthful food choices, willingness and ability to make behavioral changes, and barriers to change To maintain the pleasure of eating by providing positive messages about food choices while limiting food choices only when indicated by scientific evidence To provide the individual with diabetes with practical tools for day-to-day meal planning rather than focusing on individual macronutrients, micronutrients, or single foods Physical Activity Recommendations Children with diabetes or prediabetes should be encouraged to engage in at least 60 min of physical activity each day
Genetic variants in GHR (growth hormone receptor) and other peptide-pathway genes may influence receptor sensitivity and downstream signaling efficiency
