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Simultaneously, Th1 cells secrete IFN-, enhance macrophage activity, and promote IL-1 release, indirectly sensitizing esophageal sensory neurons

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Upon completion of each daily set of trials the animal was towel-dried and placed under a 100 watt lamp for 10-15 min and then returned to its home cage

Common causes in the UK include pernicious anaemia (an autoimmune condition where the stomach fails to produce intrinsic factor, a protein essential for B12 absorption) and dietary deficiency, particularly in those following strict vegan diets (as B12 is found primarily in animal products)