Materials and Methods Ethics statement All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board of Eye & ENT Hospital (reference number KJ2011-31) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards
AOAC Official Method 959.04Nitrogen in Tobacco: Kjeldahl Method for Products Containing Nitrates
Data about tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption ( Figure 2 :++) indicated that are still the most prominent causes of cancer worldwide and are considered significant for OCSCC occurrence, and, as evidenced by studies published in the recent years, the comparison of the proportion of individuals reporting tobacco and alcohol consumption showed that these habits were more prevalent in the older group (48.4% and 45.8%, respectively) than in the younger group (39.5% and 30.9%, respectively)
Cigarettes containing Turkish tobacco (which includes those varieties grown in what is now Greece) exclusively continued to be manufactured and sold as "Turkish cigarettes" in the US (brands Murad, Helmar and others), the UK (Sullivan & Powell, Benson & Hedges, Fribourg & Treyer, Balkan Sobranie) and Germany (where the so-called "Orientzigaretten" had the major market share before the Second World War)