Australia's National Tobacco Campaign, with an investment of AUD 50 million (USD 33 million) for 2024-2025, combined television advertisements with subsidized nicotine replacement therapy, resulting in a 2.1 percentage-point drop in adult smoking rates to 9.8% in 2025, according to the Australian Government Department of Health [3]Source: Australian Government, Tobacco Plain Packaging Act, legislation.gov.au
Recabarren T, Torres M, Gmez V, Jacobsen C, Villablanca M, Ahrendt C, da Silva Montes C, Galbn-Malagn C, Tombesi N, Pozo K (2024) Occurrence of marine plastic litter and plasticizers from touristic beaches of Arauco Gulf in Central Chile
The research indicates that even though the thinning effect may be reversible, it can take anywhere from a few weeks after a person quits smoking to 25 years, depending on how much a person has smoked over their lifetime
Yet, since fund excess balances are used to pay down permanent rate reductions, it is not clear that this provides much protection against volatility beyond the $50 million to $100 million reserve balance in the fund