are cigarettes a group 1 carcinogen Processed meats rank alongside smoking as cancer causes – WHO | Cancer The Content – Science Education

"However, a significant question remains about whether these associations represent predisposing features for the risk of developing cigarette smoking or are consequences of cigarette smoking." And although stopping smoking stops the brain from shrinking, researchers found smokers who quit still had permanently smaller brains years later, meaning the brain damage is irreversible

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HWLs could be effective if communicating the harms of SHS on family or children since this aligns with the strong sense of obligation to family held in Chinese culture [36, 38]

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