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In 2019, estimates suggest that 75,000 deaths were attributed to smoking in England [footnote 2] with comparable estimates of 6,000 deaths in Wales (2018) [footnote 3] , 9,000 in Scotland (2019) [footnote 4] and 2,000 in Northern Ireland (2019) [footnote 5]

[63] found that e-cigarette aerosols, from e-cigarette solvents (vegetable glycerin and propylene glycol), induced arrhythmia, impaired ventricular repolarization, and stimulated autonomic reflexes, ultimately leading to cardiac risk

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Comprehensive smokefree laws prohibit smoking in workplaces and public places precisely because secondhand smoke poses serious health risks