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17 Data abstraction The investigators used a structured information collection form to extract the following data from each study: title of the study, name of the first author, publication year, year of the study, country where the study was conducted, number of subjects, demographics of subjects, methods used to identify and verify smoking status and celiac disease, adjusted effect estimates with 95% CI, and covariates that were adjusted in the multivariable analysis

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These comparisons consider factors such as flavour intensity, nicotine and tar balance, design profile and cultural context

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