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Cancer occurs when carcinogenic agents act on cells and alter their genetic material, producing a mutation

Nicotine does not offer any of these direct benefits

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In contrast to the NAC, however, concurrent smoking dampened the induction of five of these alcohol-sensitive genes in the VTA. Many studies have analyzed the changes in gene expression in this brain system to try to untangle the molecular pathology of alcohol addiction, said Worrall, but this is amongst the first to take into account the effect of co-administration of nicotine with alcohol