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Smoking prevalence and disease outcomes of CD patients Among 340 patients with CD, 19% (63 patients) were smokers (past and current smokers), and 81% (277 patients) were nonsmokers (Table 4)

The first epidemiological paper on this topic published in the first half of the 20th century stated that smoking is connected with the shortening of life span, and smokers began to reflect on their health because they observed some negative health effects of smoking [3]

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#133585 Condition Surface wear and abrasions commensurate with age and use as expected, small nicks to receptacle, mouthpiece, and pipe body, fading to some areas of pigmentation, and light char marks inside bowl