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For each brand, we also measured levels of the TSNAs, NNN ( N -nitrosonornicotine), and NNK (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) via HPLC-MS, and the nicotine content via GC-FID

3.2 The case of Swedish snus: epidemiological evidence The case of Swedish snus has received particular attention in epidemiological research due to its substantially lower toxicant profile compared with conventional smokeless tobacco products

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19951201)76:11 3.0.CO;2-W

An e-cigarette is a battery-powered tube that looks like a regular cigarette but instead of tobacco, it houses a battery-operated heating element that turns a liquid ingredient into a vapor mist which is inhaled into the lungs like a traditional cigarette